The authors in [1] conducted survey research on self-driving cars' state of the art. They discussed autonomous cars developed since the DARPA challenges, where these cars are equipped with an autonomous system that meets Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) level 3 or above. Here, the architecture of the autonomy system of self-driving cars can be classified into the perception system and the decision-making system.

[1] Badue, Claudine, et al. "Self-driving cars: A survey." Expert Systems with Applications 165 (2021): 113816.

Today, vehicles use smart sensors to collect data from the road environment. This data is often processed onboard of the vehicles, using expensive hardware. Such onboard processing increases the vehicle’s cost, quickly drains its battery, and exhausts its computing resources. Therefore, offloading tasks onto the cloud is required. Still, data offloading is challenging due to low latency requirements for safe and reliable vehicle driving decisions. Moreover, age of processing was not considered in prior research dealing with low-latency offloading for autonomous vehicles. This paper [1] proposes an age of processing-based offloading approach for autonomous vehicles using unsupervised machine learning, Multi-Radio Access Technologies (multi-RATs), and Edge Computing in Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN). 

1. Ndikumana, Anselme, Kim Khoa Nguyen, and Mohamed Cheriet. "Age of processing-based data offloading for autonomous vehicles in MultiRATs Open RAN." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2022).

In [1], the authors discussed future aerial wireless networks and presented future aerial wireless network vision, architecture, requirements, and key performance indicators in 6G-based Urban Air Mobility (UAM).

The  article discussed the vision, architectural trends, and future Directions of digital-twin-enabled 6G. They highlight that digital twins use a virtual representation of a physical system along with the associated algorithms, communication technologies, and computing systems.